A Very Indian Poem in English Essay

Nissim Ezekiel is one of those Indian poets writing in English who creates an authentic flavor of India, by his use of Indian English – Pidgin English on Bazar English, as it is often called. In this poem, the Indian flavor has been created by stressing the various mistakes which Indians commit in their use of English, by bringing in the hopes and aspirations of free India, and also the attitudes of her two hostile neighbors, China and Pakistan. Poetic Inspiration for the Poem: It all started as a comment by a friend who said that you write in English no doubt and you write English well but you don’t seem to even know or realise that thousands of Indians speak what can only be called Indian English, So from that time in all his train journeys from Mithibai College back home, he started to take some interest in the way English was being spoken on the train. Every time he heard an obvious Indian English phrase like, â€Å"I’m not knowing only.† he would take it down. When he had about a thousand of these, he thought of creating this present poem. The Indian Living Conditions: Ezekiel presents that the new generation is going after ‘fashion and foreign things.’ He presents the typical Indian make – up. The Indian living conditions are sought to be portrayed. The India of yester years is no longer to be seen here, as modernization and industrialization have speeded up the process of change. The regrettable thing in the modern world is the act of violence and anti – social tendencies proving to be a menace. Still the positive aspects like regeneration, remuneration and contraception could be thought of as a way out of the present muddle. One can certainly hope for the better and propagate the best that is thought as unique. Ancient Indian Wisdom: In the second stanza, the readers get a peep into things – Indians as Gandhi’s heir, he would opt for peace and non – violence. He is puzzled why others are not following Gandhi’s advice – while in this estimate, the ancient Indian wisdom is correct, contrastively the modern generation takes it to whatever is western and fashionable – like other Indians, he too has to improve his English language. The student interest and petty agitations make him feel sickening line Antony’s appeal to the Roman mob, he will call upon the fellow citizens to think of the past masters. Thus in the third stanza, he pronounces, In order to get away from that which is disgusting, he wants to have a cup of wine which is very good for digestion. It can be taken as equivalent to the western wine if only a little salt is added to make it a lovely drink. The poet confesses that he is the total abstainer from drinks while it is taken by addicts to gunch themselves, he for his part would turn to simple drinks like lassi. Thus, the poet tries to receive the old Gandhian days. The World Situation Today: In the fourth stanza, the poet is able to think aloud and offer his comments on the world situation today. The present conditions all over the world speak of a bad trend that give an edge to the production of dangerous weapons and try to be superior to others. The countries of the world often tie with each other in keeping themselves ahead of others in this mad competitive world. This retrace often leads to conflicts resulting in loss of precious human lives. If only one considers the other as the brother; the trend could be changed. Unity in Diversity: India is a land where the principle of ‘unity in Diversity’ is practiced. Here many communities live together even though there are some problems. This ideal situation in which one Co-exists with the other is described as Ram Rajya by the poet. He gives the hand of friendliness to the visitor and expects him to come again. The poet is optimistic when he says that he enjoys every moment of good company. So, he ends the poem by saying that he does not feel the necessity of celebrating ceremonies. Common Mistakes ‘highlighted’ in the Poem: Substrate influence on grammar is quite common. It is often frowned upon as â€Å"wrong†, but eventually becomes a regular part of the new language variant. â€Å"The Patriot† contains a number of Indian English examples: the reduplication of verbs in â€Å"fighting fighting†, the lack of indefinite and definite articles in â€Å"threw stone at Indirabehn† and â€Å"all people of world†, the use of one instead of the indefinite article a in â€Å"one glass lassi†, the excessive use of the definite article the in â€Å"not that I am ever tasting the wine†, the excessive use of the continuous tense (the -ing form) in â€Å"I am standing for peace and non-violence†, the omission of an obligatory object pronoun in â€Å"modern generation is neglecting† (instead of â€Å"neglecting this†) etc. Again, this is a satirical poem rather than a genuine example of Indian English, but the phenomena exemplified are genuine enoug h. Conclusion: Nissim Ezekiel occupies a unique position among Indo-Anglian poets of post-Independence era. Nissim opposed the idealism and romanticism of the earlier group of Indian writers in English, and tried to look at any typical Indian situation with an Indian attitude, with a novel and dynamic Indian insight. He cleverly manipulated Indian English to bring out the Indian worldview. Thus Ezekiel uses ‘Indian English,’ or ‘Babu Angrezi’ in his poetry to depict the characteristics of Indian attitude. He used irony as a weapon to depict the characteristic features of Indian attitude.

American imperialism essays

American imperialism essays In the late 1800s, I believe that the United States was an imperialist nation even though it was mainly the European powers doing all the imperialism like Spain and Great Britain, but the United States like it usually does, and acted exactly the opposite of what they preached. While the United States was being hypocritical we had imperialist conflicts with Spain, Cuba, The Philippines, China, Alaska, and Hawaii. Spain, the biggest conflict with the United States, at this time had control of Cuba and the Philippines. The Cubans revolted from Spanish rule because the Cuban economy was so terribly horrible. The Spanish in an attempt to control the second revolution put many Cubans were affected by a policy of reconcentration. Reconcentration is similar to the WWII German concentration camps, the Spanish forced a few hundred thousand Cubans into guarded camps. The prisoners ranged from young children to seniors. These camps killed around 200,000 Cubans, which created uproar in the American journalism. Since these stories of Cubans being tortured sold lots of papers the journalists continued creating more and more fantastic stories of the tortured Cubans and of the destruction of the American sugar plantations by Cuban rebels. This eventually lead to the journalism called yellow journalism. This type of journalism is just to increase the newspapers sales; the two major yellow journalists were J oseph Pulitzer (Worlds) and his new enemy William Randolph Hearst (Journals). These newspapers caused an almost domino effect of events leading to the American intervention in Cuba. Although yellow journalism pushed the public in the direction of war the president, McKinley, moved a ship called the U.S.S Maine around Cuba to protect American interests in Cuba. On February 15th 1898, the U.S.S Maine was destroyed killing more than 250 Americans. The yellow journalism in a rush to get mo...

Free Essays on Isolation Of Caffeine

Isolation of caffeine Abstract: The objective of this experiment is to isolate caffeine from tea leaves or coffee and then purify using sublimation as well as determine the purity by melting point. It was concluded that 18.7mg of caffeine were found in a single Louisiana Tea sample. The purified caffeine sample was found to have a melting point of 505K compared to the textbook caffeine melting point of 509K. Backround: Sublimination is when a substance in the solid phase passes directly into the vapor phase without going into the liquid phase. This happens because the vapor pressure of a substance generally goes up as temperature increases and the boiling point of a liquid happens when its vapor pressure is equal to the applied pressure. If this vapor can then be re-solidified it will separate compounds with low vapor pressures and high vapor pressures. This re-solidification is usually collected in crystal form on the outside of a glass tube with some sort of very cold liquid inside to attract and solidify the compound with a higher vapor pressure in a vacuumed atmosphere. This method is generally quick however it is not as selective as other methods of purification. Objective and Materials: The objective of this experiment is to isolate caffeine from tea leaves or coffee and then purify using sublimation as well as determine the purity by melting point. Materials used are as follows: sublimination tube, test tubes, tea, coffee, methylene chloride, potassium carbonate, centrifuge tube, vacuum hose, Pasteur pipet, available water, 200mL beaker, hot plate, sand bath, micropipette bulb, all materials were provided by the University of Arizona Chemistry Department. Procedure: The procedure for this experiment is listed on page 43(Organic Chemistry laboratory Manual, Haden/McNeil, 2003-04) Data: All data is in laboratory notebook. Calculations: The following i... Free Essays on Isolation Of Caffeine Free Essays on Isolation Of Caffeine Isolation of caffeine Abstract: The objective of this experiment is to isolate caffeine from tea leaves or coffee and then purify using sublimation as well as determine the purity by melting point. It was concluded that 18.7mg of caffeine were found in a single Louisiana Tea sample. The purified caffeine sample was found to have a melting point of 505K compared to the textbook caffeine melting point of 509K. Backround: Sublimination is when a substance in the solid phase passes directly into the vapor phase without going into the liquid phase. This happens because the vapor pressure of a substance generally goes up as temperature increases and the boiling point of a liquid happens when its vapor pressure is equal to the applied pressure. If this vapor can then be re-solidified it will separate compounds with low vapor pressures and high vapor pressures. This re-solidification is usually collected in crystal form on the outside of a glass tube with some sort of very cold liquid inside to attract and solidify the compound with a higher vapor pressure in a vacuumed atmosphere. This method is generally quick however it is not as selective as other methods of purification. Objective and Materials: The objective of this experiment is to isolate caffeine from tea leaves or coffee and then purify using sublimation as well as determine the purity by melting point. Materials used are as follows: sublimination tube, test tubes, tea, coffee, methylene chloride, potassium carbonate, centrifuge tube, vacuum hose, Pasteur pipet, available water, 200mL beaker, hot plate, sand bath, micropipette bulb, all materials were provided by the University of Arizona Chemistry Department. Procedure: The procedure for this experiment is listed on page 43(Organic Chemistry laboratory Manual, Haden/McNeil, 2003-04) Data: All data is in laboratory notebook. Calculations: The following i...

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING for Grant Proposal

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING for Grant Proposal One of the services that our custom essay services company is able to offer is writing different types of papers including grant proposals. If you are determined to get a grant and you strongly believe that you deserve to have instant financial support, writing a good grant proposal is the first step. The grant proposal writing starts with an idea. Then you must find the funding sources and proceed with it. Our college paper writing will help you with that. The funding source can be an organization that is having leading positions on the market and is well managed. The organization will review your grant proposal request and determine whether there is clear understanding of its purpose. Where do you start with your grant proposal? First step is to define the project itself. Then write a concise mission statement that will determine your projects goals. Second is to determine the projects goals that are more broad. While you do that, concentrate on various objectives and write in step-by-step manner how these objectives will be focused on, worked on and achieved. For other grant proposal writing requests, use our professional team of writers who will help you with this assignment.

Customer Value Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Customer Value Measurement - Essay Example New ways are needed to achieve an edge and to stand one step ahead of others (Keller 2003). In the phase of increasing competition, many corporate mission statements set customers as the focus of an organisation's business activities, and key thinkers have defined the quality of goods and services with reference to how well they satisfy needs and expectations of the customer base (Johnson et al 2005). At the other end, some companies are paying performance premiums. According to Aaker & Keller (1990) delivering superior value to carefully targeted customers seems to be the generally accepted path to sustained profitability (Keller 2003). In the light of the above, this essay essay is an attempt to clarify how developing a customer orientation affects the profitability of firms by referring to the fundamental elements of a customer driven marketing strategy: segmentation, targeting and positioning. It also presents a comprehensive understanding of the customer and the customer value imperative by using relevant examples. As competition grows bigger, more and more organisations try to maximize customer value in order to achieve their full potential and get a competitive edge. There are several reasons for this awakening and change in perception (Porter 1990). Realizing the role of 'customers' and 'customers' equity, companies strive at satisfying their customers through the creation of brand equity (Aaker 1990). Customers are important stakeholders of a company. According to Sacconi, (2004), customers need quality products and services as well as increased customer value and customer satisfaction (Sacconi 2004). A customer is one who buys and uses goods and services. They are individuals who are affected by or who affect the product and service supplied, and bear the value and cost of a company's activities (Sacconi 2004). In most companies, customers are seen as the most important assets. For example, Berry & Parasuraman (1991) argue that, It is easier - and much cheaper - to keep existing customers than to get new ones. To Berry et al. (1990), the benefit from achieving satisfied and loyal customers stems from the fact that, the willingness for future repurchases will be much higher for satisfied and loyal customers than for dissatisfied and indifferent ones. Despite this awareness concerning the importance of customer satisfaction, it is beyond the ability of many of today's companies to maintain satisfied customers (Aaker 1989). To fully understand the meaning of 'customer value' and customers value creation, Aaker (1990) argues that this should be approached from the customer's perspective. Today, most companies have realized the importance of satisfied custome

The Failure of Coca-Cola Blak Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Does Police Discretion Amount to a Miscarriage of Justice Literature review

Does Police Discretion Amount to a Miscarriage of Justice - Literature review Example In truth, as stated by some criminologists, when there was a dispute, public order takes precedence over enforcement of the law or policing (Maguire, Morgan, & Reiner 2007, 227). Once it is recognised as an expected aspect of law enforcement that there are instances when the law is ‘inadequately implemented’ the issue then emerges whether every sector of the society gain evenly from this. This essay reviews related literature on police work to explore whether police use of discretion could be considered as a miscarriage of justice. Police Discretion Police have the power to take away the liberty of citizens, apprehend or detain them, and even use lethal force to restrain them. An important feature of this professional duty is the ‘discretion’ the police has in performing their duties. Discretion may include discriminating/selective law enforcement (e.g. when a law enforcer decides not to apprehend a pub that is selling liquors to minors (Ogletree & Sarat 200 9, 18). Law enforcers exercise discretion when they make a decision to apprehend one offender for unruly behaviour but to let another go free. Most police officers exercise a considerable extent of personal discretion in performing everyday duties, occasionally called in criminal justice ‘low-visibility decision making’ (Siegel & Worrall 2012, 125). Such expression implies that, not like most departments of criminal justice, law enforcers are neither controlled in their everyday practices and behaviour by governmental inspection nor under judicial investigation, except when their actions undoubtedly abuses a criminal’s legal rights. The people accept the power of police to use discretion. However, recently, scholars and policymakers have publicly shown great resentment about the discretion used by the police, and there have been numerous demands to abolish, weaken, or regulate this power (Siegel & Worrall 2012, 125-126). These people believe that police use of di scretion often leads to miscarriage of justice. One justification of such demands is the widespread belief that law enforcement is ought to be ministerial, performing its tasks in rigid compliance to legislative conditions. Another justification is the widely held belief that as the police use discretion, they are predisposed to show prejudice against some individuals and/or groups, mostly resulting in wrongful convictions (Sutherland, Cressey, & Luckenbill 1992, 355). As a matter of fact, there is abundant evidence revealing that, for a particular offence, law enforcers are more inclined to apprehend men than women, young individuals than older ones, Black people than White people, etc. Thus, police discretion attracts a lot of controversies (Sutherland et al. 1992, 355). As remarked by William McDonald (1973), â€Å"It invites arbitrariness, favouritism, corruption, and injustice. Even when it is exercised even-handedly, it can create the appearance of injustice† (Sutherlan d et al.1992, 355). All the same, police discretion will continue to exist because no legislative body, absent from the street, can accurately and unmistakably specify beforehand what actions must have as its outcome a formal arrest. As emphasised by Albert Reiss, Jr. (1971) (Sutherland et al. 1992, 355): It is incumbent upon a police officer to enter upon a variety of social stages, encounter the actors, determine