Under Armour -- Industry Analysis Essay - 999 Words

September 2013 1. Situation analysis A. General Environment Sociocultural/Demographic – Under Armour was able to build its brand image through extensive sponsorship. Under Armour now provides gear to the NFL, MLB, MLS, NHL the USA baseball and Ski teams including other professional leagues abroad. In 2005, Under Armour was supplying over 100 NCAA division I-A football programs and 30 NFL teams. Only four years since its founding Under Armour had become a globally recognized brand, and was still looking for areas to branch into within the performance apparel industry and introduced a women’s and youth line. Technological – Founder, Kevin Plank found a niche, an undershirt that could control the body temperature of the athlete and†¦show more content†¦making the power of the supplier high. 70-75 percent of Under Armour products come from only 8 suppliers that manufacture and distribute their product. Making a product such as athletic shoes is the least difficult part of being in this industry, making a product worth buying and competing at the global level is where most fail when attempting to enter the market. Power of Buyers Buyers want to reduce their costs and purchase a product at a lower or more convenient price for the best quality and service. Buyers have the choice to switch to another product at no cost. Under Armour has developed unique products that its consumers value and are willing to pay more for. Threat of Substitutes – There is a high threat of substitutes in the athletic gear industry especially when competing with companies such as Nike and Adidas who have been around much longer, have the funds to continuously innovate their products and already hold a large market share. Under Armour has used â€Å"authenticity† as it’s guiding principle to grow the company and advertise their products, but if they wish to be the number one brand of athletic gear they will have to appeal to people who are also concerned with the look of the product and not just performance. According to research done by NPD Group, almost 80 percent of activewear is used for non-sports activities. â€Å"Under Armour will need to find aShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Kevin Plank Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Plank has founded Under Armour after noticing the failure of their sport jersey (Under Armour, 2015). Since that time Under Armour went public and is part of American well-known sport gear mak er. In this pose, the company produces its production focused on inner various sports wears on a global stage (Under Armour, 2015). Identically, Plank’s business becomes emerging in the sport apparel industry. Likewise quality and innovation are important to maintain an acceptable competitive level withRead MoreUnder Armour Company1179 Words   |  5 PagesUnder Armour, founded in 1996 by CEO Kevin Plank, is a non-financial company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Under Armour supplies an array of sports equipment, clothing, and sports accessories, but mainly focuses on hi-tech innovative products for athletes. Plank, a former University of Maryland football player created the idea of Under Armour in his grandmother’s basement. Plank noticed during a football practice that his compression shorts would stay dry, however, he hadRead MoreUnder Armour1100 Words   |  5 PagesIBM 4711 International Strategic Management Under Armour: Working to Stay on Top of Its Game Perform a STEEP analysis to understand the general environment facing Under Armour. How will the firm be affected by external factors? Ans. Each factor under STEEP analysis giving Under Armour more information about how company should adapt itself, in order to be survived in the market. Let’s see the effects of these external factors to the company’s strategies each by each. Social factor Demographics Read MoreCompany Analysis Of Under Armour1076 Words   |  5 Pages Company Analysis of Under armour November 4th 2015 Management 300-101 Joshua Cooper 11/15/2015 Analysis of Under Armour Induction: Ever since the creation of the well-known body wear Under Armour in 1996, Kevin Plank s formal University of Maryland football player. The band has under gone rapid expansion and popularity throughout the world today being that it all started in a basement. It has taken over the performance workout apparel market in the United States andRead MoreCase Analysis : Under Armour1367 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis: Under Armour Situation Analysis I chose the article â€Å"Under Armour is Crushing it, Thanks to Steph Curry.† The article began by explaining how Under Armour recently became a dominant company in the sports apparel industry. Footwear sales are up 64% from the first three months of 2016, and overall sales have increased by 30%, largely due to overseas business. The reason for this continued success? Stephen Curry. In 2013, Curry’s contract with Nike expired and he chose to endorse UnderRead MoreThe Under Armour, Inc., And The Adidas Group1634 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This analysis of the Under Armour, Inc., and its subsidiaries is depicted in the paper; Under Armour and its subsidiaries develops, markets, and distributes branded performance apparel, footwear, and accessories for men, women, and youth primarily in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. The company is in direct competition with Nike, Inc. and The Adidas Group. Therefore, this paper will further attempt to evaluate the pressure exertedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Under Armour987 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary Under Armour is a company that always strives to do better. They are currently trying to expand globally. While Under Armour has higher quality than most of its competitors, the cost of their merchandise is still a lot less than competitors. There are many threats to a highly-competitive sports clothing company such as Under Armor. Like many companies in the retail industry they are faced with the increasing costs of their materials and shipping expenses. Under Armour is trying to connectRead MoreCompetitive Forces Confronting Under Armour, Nike, And The Adidas Group1726 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive forces confronting Under Armour, Nike, and The Adidas Group? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Under Armour, Nike and Adidas are the top three brands known worldwide. These three companies were able to gain a strong brand to make a name for themselves in the sports apparel market today. On the other hand, Under Armour has become one of the top leading distributing companies to offer athletic apparel, footwear amongst many other things. â€Å"In 2013, Under Armour had a 14.7 percent shareRead MoreThe Impact Of Marketing On The Athletic Apparel Market1233 Words   |  5 Pagested product. Threat of New Entrants is low since the growth rate is expanding in the athletic apparel market and existing industry members are actively reaching into product segments or geographic areas where they do not have a strong presence. There is an entry barriers for new entrants in building a retail distribution, a large reliable supply chain, and securing contracts for endorsements and promotions. The other companies are established and credible brands that work on global scales. A smallerRead MoreMGMT 479 UNDER ARMOUR Powerpoint Group Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Developed Strategic Audit – Under Armour (UA) { Group #3, MGMT 479C Team Members: WELCOME TO UNDER ARMOUR ® EVERYTHING HERE IS BUILT TO MAKE YOU BETTER. www.underarmour.com Kokou Klu ïÆ'‘ Past Corporate Performance Indexes (2009-2010) ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Strategic Posture ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Mission – â€Å"To make all athletes better through passion, science, and the relentless pursuit of innovation† Objectives – Become â€Å"The athletic brand of this generation. And Next.† Current Strategies ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Decline in footwear

Under Armour -- Industry Analysis Essay - 999 Words

September 2013 1. Situation analysis A. General Environment Sociocultural/Demographic – Under Armour was able to build its brand image through extensive sponsorship. Under Armour now provides gear to the NFL, MLB, MLS, NHL the USA baseball and Ski teams including other professional leagues abroad. In 2005, Under Armour was supplying over 100 NCAA division I-A football programs and 30 NFL teams. Only four years since its founding Under Armour had become a globally recognized brand, and was still looking for areas to branch into within the performance apparel industry and introduced a women’s and youth line. Technological – Founder, Kevin Plank found a niche, an undershirt that could control the body temperature of the athlete and†¦show more content†¦making the power of the supplier high. 70-75 percent of Under Armour products come from only 8 suppliers that manufacture and distribute their product. Making a product such as athletic shoes is the least difficult part of being in this industry, making a product worth buying and competing at the global level is where most fail when attempting to enter the market. Power of Buyers Buyers want to reduce their costs and purchase a product at a lower or more convenient price for the best quality and service. Buyers have the choice to switch to another product at no cost. Under Armour has developed unique products that its consumers value and are willing to pay more for. Threat of Substitutes – There is a high threat of substitutes in the athletic gear industry especially when competing with companies such as Nike and Adidas who have been around much longer, have the funds to continuously innovate their products and already hold a large market share. Under Armour has used â€Å"authenticity† as it’s guiding principle to grow the company and advertise their products, but if they wish to be the number one brand of athletic gear they will have to appeal to people who are also concerned with the look of the product and not just performance. According to research done by NPD Group, almost 80 percent of activewear is used for non-sports activities. â€Å"Under Armour will need to find aShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Kevin Plank Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Plank has founded Under Armour after noticing the failure of their sport jersey (Under Armour, 2015). Since that time Under Armour went public and is part of American well-known sport gear mak er. In this pose, the company produces its production focused on inner various sports wears on a global stage (Under Armour, 2015). Identically, Plank’s business becomes emerging in the sport apparel industry. Likewise quality and innovation are important to maintain an acceptable competitive level withRead MoreUnder Armour Company1179 Words   |  5 PagesUnder Armour, founded in 1996 by CEO Kevin Plank, is a non-financial company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Under Armour supplies an array of sports equipment, clothing, and sports accessories, but mainly focuses on hi-tech innovative products for athletes. Plank, a former University of Maryland football player created the idea of Under Armour in his grandmother’s basement. Plank noticed during a football practice that his compression shorts would stay dry, however, he hadRead MoreUnder Armour1100 Words   |  5 PagesIBM 4711 International Strategic Management Under Armour: Working to Stay on Top of Its Game Perform a STEEP analysis to understand the general environment facing Under Armour. How will the firm be affected by external factors? Ans. Each factor under STEEP analysis giving Under Armour more information about how company should adapt itself, in order to be survived in the market. Let’s see the effects of these external factors to the company’s strategies each by each. Social factor Demographics Read MoreCompany Analysis Of Under Armour1076 Words   |  5 Pages Company Analysis of Under armour November 4th 2015 Management 300-101 Joshua Cooper 11/15/2015 Analysis of Under Armour Induction: Ever since the creation of the well-known body wear Under Armour in 1996, Kevin Plank s formal University of Maryland football player. The band has under gone rapid expansion and popularity throughout the world today being that it all started in a basement. It has taken over the performance workout apparel market in the United States andRead MoreCase Analysis : Under Armour1367 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis: Under Armour Situation Analysis I chose the article â€Å"Under Armour is Crushing it, Thanks to Steph Curry.† The article began by explaining how Under Armour recently became a dominant company in the sports apparel industry. Footwear sales are up 64% from the first three months of 2016, and overall sales have increased by 30%, largely due to overseas business. The reason for this continued success? Stephen Curry. In 2013, Curry’s contract with Nike expired and he chose to endorse UnderRead MoreThe Under Armour, Inc., And The Adidas Group1634 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This analysis of the Under Armour, Inc., and its subsidiaries is depicted in the paper; Under Armour and its subsidiaries develops, markets, and distributes branded performance apparel, footwear, and accessories for men, women, and youth primarily in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. The company is in direct competition with Nike, Inc. and The Adidas Group. Therefore, this paper will further attempt to evaluate the pressure exertedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Under Armour987 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary Under Armour is a company that always strives to do better. They are currently trying to expand globally. While Under Armour has higher quality than most of its competitors, the cost of their merchandise is still a lot less than competitors. There are many threats to a highly-competitive sports clothing company such as Under Armor. Like many companies in the retail industry they are faced with the increasing costs of their materials and shipping expenses. Under Armour is trying to connectRead MoreCompetitive Forces Confronting Under Armour, Nike, And The Adidas Group1726 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive forces confronting Under Armour, Nike, and The Adidas Group? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Under Armour, Nike and Adidas are the top three brands known worldwide. These three companies were able to gain a strong brand to make a name for themselves in the sports apparel market today. On the other hand, Under Armour has become one of the top leading distributing companies to offer athletic apparel, footwear amongst many other things. â€Å"In 2013, Under Armour had a 14.7 percent shareRead MoreThe Impact Of Marketing On The Athletic Apparel Market1233 Words   |  5 Pagested product. Threat of New Entrants is low since the growth rate is expanding in the athletic apparel market and existing industry members are actively reaching into product segments or geographic areas where they do not have a strong presence. There is an entry barriers for new entrants in building a retail distribution, a large reliable supply chain, and securing contracts for endorsements and promotions. The other companies are established and credible brands that work on global scales. A smallerRead MoreMGMT 479 UNDER ARMOUR Powerpoint Group Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Developed Strategic Audit – Under Armour (UA) { Group #3, MGMT 479C Team Members: WELCOME TO UNDER ARMOUR ® EVERYTHING HERE IS BUILT TO MAKE YOU BETTER. www.underarmour.com Kokou Klu ïÆ'‘ Past Corporate Performance Indexes (2009-2010) ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Strategic Posture ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Mission – â€Å"To make all athletes better through passion, science, and the relentless pursuit of innovation† Objectives – Become â€Å"The athletic brand of this generation. And Next.† Current Strategies ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Decline in footwear

Under Armour -- Industry Analysis Essay - 999 Words

September 2013 1. Situation analysis A. General Environment Sociocultural/Demographic – Under Armour was able to build its brand image through extensive sponsorship. Under Armour now provides gear to the NFL, MLB, MLS, NHL the USA baseball and Ski teams including other professional leagues abroad. In 2005, Under Armour was supplying over 100 NCAA division I-A football programs and 30 NFL teams. Only four years since its founding Under Armour had become a globally recognized brand, and was still looking for areas to branch into within the performance apparel industry and introduced a women’s and youth line. Technological – Founder, Kevin Plank found a niche, an undershirt that could control the body temperature of the athlete and†¦show more content†¦making the power of the supplier high. 70-75 percent of Under Armour products come from only 8 suppliers that manufacture and distribute their product. Making a product such as athletic shoes is the least difficult part of being in this industry, making a product worth buying and competing at the global level is where most fail when attempting to enter the market. Power of Buyers Buyers want to reduce their costs and purchase a product at a lower or more convenient price for the best quality and service. Buyers have the choice to switch to another product at no cost. Under Armour has developed unique products that its consumers value and are willing to pay more for. Threat of Substitutes – There is a high threat of substitutes in the athletic gear industry especially when competing with companies such as Nike and Adidas who have been around much longer, have the funds to continuously innovate their products and already hold a large market share. Under Armour has used â€Å"authenticity† as it’s guiding principle to grow the company and advertise their products, but if they wish to be the number one brand of athletic gear they will have to appeal to people who are also concerned with the look of the product and not just performance. According to research done by NPD Group, almost 80 percent of activewear is used for non-sports activities. â€Å"Under Armour will need to find aShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Strategy Of Kevin Plank Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Plank has founded Under Armour after noticing the failure of their sport jersey (Under Armour, 2015). Since that time Under Armour went public and is part of American well-known sport gear mak er. In this pose, the company produces its production focused on inner various sports wears on a global stage (Under Armour, 2015). Identically, Plank’s business becomes emerging in the sport apparel industry. Likewise quality and innovation are important to maintain an acceptable competitive level withRead MoreUnder Armour Company1179 Words   |  5 PagesUnder Armour, founded in 1996 by CEO Kevin Plank, is a non-financial company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Under Armour supplies an array of sports equipment, clothing, and sports accessories, but mainly focuses on hi-tech innovative products for athletes. Plank, a former University of Maryland football player created the idea of Under Armour in his grandmother’s basement. Plank noticed during a football practice that his compression shorts would stay dry, however, he hadRead MoreUnder Armour1100 Words   |  5 PagesIBM 4711 International Strategic Management Under Armour: Working to Stay on Top of Its Game Perform a STEEP analysis to understand the general environment facing Under Armour. How will the firm be affected by external factors? Ans. Each factor under STEEP analysis giving Under Armour more information about how company should adapt itself, in order to be survived in the market. Let’s see the effects of these external factors to the company’s strategies each by each. Social factor Demographics Read MoreCompany Analysis Of Under Armour1076 Words   |  5 Pages Company Analysis of Under armour November 4th 2015 Management 300-101 Joshua Cooper 11/15/2015 Analysis of Under Armour Induction: Ever since the creation of the well-known body wear Under Armour in 1996, Kevin Plank s formal University of Maryland football player. The band has under gone rapid expansion and popularity throughout the world today being that it all started in a basement. It has taken over the performance workout apparel market in the United States andRead MoreCase Analysis : Under Armour1367 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis: Under Armour Situation Analysis I chose the article â€Å"Under Armour is Crushing it, Thanks to Steph Curry.† The article began by explaining how Under Armour recently became a dominant company in the sports apparel industry. Footwear sales are up 64% from the first three months of 2016, and overall sales have increased by 30%, largely due to overseas business. The reason for this continued success? Stephen Curry. In 2013, Curry’s contract with Nike expired and he chose to endorse UnderRead MoreThe Under Armour, Inc., And The Adidas Group1634 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This analysis of the Under Armour, Inc., and its subsidiaries is depicted in the paper; Under Armour and its subsidiaries develops, markets, and distributes branded performance apparel, footwear, and accessories for men, women, and youth primarily in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. The company is in direct competition with Nike, Inc. and The Adidas Group. Therefore, this paper will further attempt to evaluate the pressure exertedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Under Armour987 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary Under Armour is a company that always strives to do better. They are currently trying to expand globally. While Under Armour has higher quality than most of its competitors, the cost of their merchandise is still a lot less than competitors. There are many threats to a highly-competitive sports clothing company such as Under Armor. Like many companies in the retail industry they are faced with the increasing costs of their materials and shipping expenses. Under Armour is trying to connectRead MoreCompetitive Forces Confronting Under Armour, Nike, And The Adidas Group1726 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive forces confronting Under Armour, Nike, and The Adidas Group? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Under Armour, Nike and Adidas are the top three brands known worldwide. These three companies were able to gain a strong brand to make a name for themselves in the sports apparel market today. On the other hand, Under Armour has become one of the top leading distributing companies to offer athletic apparel, footwear amongst many other things. â€Å"In 2013, Under Armour had a 14.7 percent shareRead MoreThe Impact Of Marketing On The Athletic Apparel Market1233 Words   |  5 Pagested product. Threat of New Entrants is low since the growth rate is expanding in the athletic apparel market and existing industry members are actively reaching into product segments or geographic areas where they do not have a strong presence. There is an entry barriers for new entrants in building a retail distribution, a large reliable supply chain, and securing contracts for endorsements and promotions. The other companies are established and credible brands that work on global scales. A smallerRead MoreMGMT 479 UNDER ARMOUR Powerpoint Group Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Developed Strategic Audit – Under Armour (UA) { Group #3, MGMT 479C Team Members: WELCOME TO UNDER ARMOUR ® EVERYTHING HERE IS BUILT TO MAKE YOU BETTER. www.underarmour.com Kokou Klu ïÆ'‘ Past Corporate Performance Indexes (2009-2010) ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Strategic Posture ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Mission – â€Å"To make all athletes better through passion, science, and the relentless pursuit of innovation† Objectives – Become â€Å"The athletic brand of this generation. And Next.† Current Strategies ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Decline in footwear

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Reserach Essay Depression Samples Essays and What You Should Do Today

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Reserach Essay Depression Samples Essays and What You Should Do Today The Benefits of Reserach Essay Depression Samples Essays You have to understand what the essay is for and understand what your professor want to become from you. If you are requested to compose an essay that's informative then never submit something which is a compare and contrast essay. It is possible to buy argumentative essay from a specialist writer. By abiding By the above-given ideas you will readily attain an impactful argumentative essay. With the assistance of such an outline, you will have the ability to learn how the paper will look like and will be capable of going from 1 paragraph to another smoothly. You have to write down the principal thoughts and highlight the principal points of the paper. High school research paper topics are extremely simple to write after you've completed the essential research. What's important is to divide the paper into the key topics and many subtopics. For me, writing essays isn't an easy job. Writing custom essays won't be an issue anymore if you observe the easy steps below. Our writing essays for college services are offered at quite reasonable prices. The Chronicles of Reserach Essay Depression Samples Essays It is sensible to imply that the growth of Externality (and decline of Internality) is causally associated with the growth in anxiety and depression. Depression develops in stages in line with the time the victim was exposed to the reasons for the depression. Although it is caused by pressure from the surrounding and too much stress it can still be controlled. Even though it can be successfully cured, it is always the better way to prevent the disease. Studies have indicated that there are lots of causes of childhood stress that are interrelated. Some researchers claim that the primary source of depression is genetic. Maternal depression and anxiety on fetal neurobehavioral development should develop into a bigger focus as we start to understand and find out more about embryonic improvement. Although the negative environmental elements can't be the most important reason for depression they may have a generally negative influence on the mental state of the human, thus, they become the crucial factor which causes depression because without their impact it couldn't develop. By downloading a sample, you are going to learn how to write reaction paper and prevent common mistakes. A reaction paper is a sort of written assignment, which demands personal opinion and conclusions on a particular article or abstract. Writing a reaction paper may be true challenge, but at exactly the same time it can help you to increase your analytical a bilities and share your opinion with the world! It can be quite a challenging task, so many students use examples to learn more about its structure and key features. Depression not only requires the mind, additionally, it includes the human body and thoughts. It is a bad feeling like you feel like you're going in circles in your mindset. It is known to have negative effects on the work performance and the ability to cope with people properly. It is diagnosed in an individual who seems to have lost hope due to an event or a situation that leads to bitterness, sadness, and inactivity. When taking antidepressants it's highly advised to observe a counselor or psychologist at the exact moment. Abnormal activity in the brain might also be affected by the genes. Thirdly, exercise is vital as it refreshes the human body and brain. There is likewise some weight loss related to depression. Impact of low-temperature affects the body, specifically, lessens the immunity, and that's why risks to acquire sick increases after the instances of freezing. Stress might occur on an everyday basis, but the basis for distress is a person's inability to manage the stressful issue accessible. There are likewise a few tips, which will enable you to prevent common mistakes. You should name the benefits of supporting your precise candidate. If you're or know someone who's depressed get assist. There are lots of solutions in solving depression.

Current Free Speech Doctrine Will It Work free essay sample

Current Free Speech Doctrine: Will It Work On The Internet? Essay, Research Paper The Internet offers a much greater possible for synergistic communicating between information transmitters and receiving systems than the more traditional methods of communicating such as newspaper, wireless and telecasting. Freedom of address ascertained by the fundamental law is non an absolute right. Depending on the medium through which information is delivered assorted grades of the freedom to show one # 8217 ; s self is protected. Internet communicating may be correspondent to either a specific bing communicating medium or even several. Current free address protection begins to disperse as it is applied to the unsure confines of the freshly developed Cyberspace. The hidebound attack to liberate address protection is centered on nucleus values and outputs consequences that are fundamentally impersonal so that content allowed through one communicating medium is allowable in all media.Freedom of address and of the imperativeness is a basic renter of United States constitutional j urisprudence. Possibly concern for the English usage of anterior restraint ( licensing of imperativeness ) and incendiary libel was the ground for including the first amendment in our measure of rights. When the first amendment became jurisprudence the printed page was the most widely used non-verbal medium of address. Speech, as we understand it, involves more than verbal communicating. Speecht includes images, films, wireless, telecasting and expressive behavior [ Shelton v. Tucker, 364 US 479 ( 1960 ) ] . As engineering advanced and extra communicating medium developed, address was given assorted degrees of first amendment protection depending on the medium through which the information was delivered.Cyberspace is a web of computing machine systems allowing literally 1000000s of people to pass on with one another on an hourly footing. Cyberspace may mirror other types of communicating medium singularly or several at one clip. Current free address protection approaches break down when applied t o Cyberspace since one may forbid address when delivered by one medium but permit indistinguishable address delivered via a different medium. A nucleus values approach protects indistinguishable address regardless of the medium in which it is delivered. So it is a foundation for Cyberspace and promotes development of new engineering. That, # 8220 ; Congress shall do no jurisprudence # 8230 ; , or foreshortening the freedom of address # 8221 ; , suggests an absolute right to talk. Justice Black dissenting in Konigsberg felt that freedom of address was absolute [ Konigsberg v. State Bar of California, 366 US 36 ( 1961 ) ] . Justice Harlan composing for the bulk rejected an absolute right, observing that protected freedom of address was less than an limitless licence to speak. When analyzing a limitation on speech the tribunal will look for a compelling authorities involvement to justify the restraint on address. Besides the tribunal will look to find if the ordinance accomplishes t he governmental aim in the least restrictive way.Some signifiers of address are non protected by the first amendment. Contending words, intended and likely to arouse a physical response transgressing the peace may be prohibited [ Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 US 568 ( 1942 ) ] . Criminal legislative acts may penalize address recommending improper behavior. Under the Brandenburg trial the province must turn out that: 1 ) the talker subjectively intended to motivate improper actions, 2 ) that in their context the words spoken were likely to bring forth at hand anarchic action, and 3 ) that the words used objectively bucked up incitation [ Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 US 444 ( 1969 ) ] .Obscene speech/works are non given First amendment protection. Miller V California is the current trial a tribunal should use in finding if address is obscene [ Miller v. California, 413 US 15 ( 1973 ) ] . The trial has three parts: 1 ) whether an mean individual using modern-day community criterions wou ld happen the work taken as a whole entreaties to prurient involvements, 2 ) whether the work depicts or describes in a obviously violative manner sexual behavior specifically defined by applicable province jurisprudence, and 3 ) whether the work taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. The first two parts of the trial apply based on criterions of the local community so that what is obscene may change with the vicinity. The 3rd portion is based on a sensible individual criterion and is non based on local community criterions. For a work to be found obscene all three parts of the trial must be found.Indecent address does have first amendment protection. However in the context of broadcast wireless and telecasting tribunals have upheld FCC ordinance of # 8220 ; grownup address # 8221 ; . In Sable V FCC the tribunal invalidated a jurisprudence forbiding indecorous Dial-a-Porn phone messages which were non obscene [ Sable Communications v. FCC , 492 US 115 ( 1989 ) ] . There the tribunal found Congress could modulate to protect bush leagues by necessitating usage of recognition cards, entree codifications and scrambling rules.Early instances did non give commercial address ( advertisement ) foremost amendment protection. In Pittsburgh Press the tribunal held that the exchange of information in commercial address was of import as in other types of address [ Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission, 413 US 376 ( 1973 ) ] . Modern instances provide first amendment protection to commercial speech.Hate Speech, verbal maltreatment and force directed at cultural groups, homophiles and spiritual groups has increased in recent old ages. Some college campuses have adopted address codifications forbiding racialist, male chauvinist and homophobic address [ American Civil Liberties Union, Briefing Paper Number 16 Hate Speech on Campus ] .Medium of Speech Regulated Speech has been regulated otherwise depending on the medium over which the communicating has been made. The printed medium has been found to bask the broadest freedom of address protection. When wireless and telecasting instances arose the tribunals upheld the right of FCC ordinance based on the scarceness of broadcast channels and to supply for the demands of viewing audiences and hearers instead than accredited broadcasters [ FCC v. League of Women Voters, 468 US 364 ( 1984 ) ] . For overseas telegram telecasting some tribunals have held that authorities has less ability to modulate plan content than for broadcast telecasting [ Cruz v. Ferre, 755 F. 2d 1415 ( 11th 1985 ) ] . Different FCC ordinances apply to the commercial usage of phone lines [ Sable Communications v. FCC, 492 US 115 ( 1989 ) ] . Congress has applied many ordinances to satellite broadcasts that were at one clip merely applied to air television.Satellite does non endure from limited channels as broadcast telecasting does so tribunals may allow less ordinance of orbiter broadcas ts than traditional telecasting. Finally it has been held that a individual may possess obscene stuff in their ain places [ Stanley v. Georgia, 394 US 557 ( 1969 ) ] , so while production or distribution of obscene stuff is non protected ownership is at some level.U.S. V Thomas, found California based system operators, who operated a bulletin board, guilty of go againsting Tennessee lewdness Torahs [ US v. Thomas, Case No. 94-20019-G ( WD Tn 1994 ) ] . A Tennessee postal inspector joined Thomas # 8217 ; system. He downloaded sexually oriented images, ordered a picture tape and sent Thomas an unasked child-porn picture. A Memphis jury found the California twosome guilty. Here protected speech/activity legal in California was illegal in Tennessee. An statement can be made that the community criterion of Miller would let a conservative community to coerce their criterions on another province for behavior performed in the more broad state.An illustration of how Cyberspace can increase discourse of look and thoughts involved hate speech messages on Prodigy. Some users denied Holocaust occurred and disparaged Jews. Other users were able to react, dis agree with and label as bigots the original group. In reviewing the incident the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) found that on balance both sides were able to express their viewpoints. [Electronic Frontier Foundation, Letter to Office of Policy Analysis and Development NTIA, US Department of Commerce, by Shari Steel, staff attorney, 4-26-93]. Due to the interactive nature of Cyberspace more people are able to express themselves. Unlike printed press where there are publishers and readers or television where there are broadcasters and viewers the Internet allows a far greater level of interaction.In Cubby, Inc. v CompuServe, CompuServe was found not to be liable for distributing the materials of others [Cubby, Inc. v. Compuserve, Inc., 776 F Supp 135 (SDNY 1991)]. Like a real world distributor of books it would not be reasonable to expect CompuServe to review all messages and files passing through their system.The major criticism involving free speech and Cyberspace relate to t he media specific nature of current regulations [Robert Corn-Revere, New Technology and the First Amendment: Breaking The Cycle of Repression, 17 Hastings]. Each time a new technology has developed new criteria is established. When a breakthrough in technology first emerges there is no solid framework that developers, users, government or courts can look to for guidance. As a result what may be protected in print media is prohibited from broadcast television. In Cyberspace a user or system operator can wear numerous hats. When acting as a publisher one is responsible for libel and defamation. If acting as a distributor of someone else’s product there will likely be no liability. [Cubby, Inc. v. Compuserve, Inc.776 F Supp 135 (SDNY 1991)]. Others point out that Cyberspace is unlike other communication media and therefore should not be regulated at all or should have a different standard [Anne Wells Branscomb, Anonymity, Autonomy, and Accountability: Challenges to First Amendme nt in Cyberspace, 104 Yale Law Journal, 1639, 1995 ]. Current politics is attempting to draft legislation to either restrain or protect the Internet from the regulatory arm of the government.Robert Corn-Revere has described the inconsistent protection/ regulation through an example involving a regulator simultaneously viewing an identical sex scene on five televisions. One of the televisions is receiving its signal from a broadcast tv station, another from a cable television feed, another from a VCR, a fourth via satellite and the fifth via fiber optic phone lines. The paradox is that identical expression/content on the five sets may be subject to five or more types of regulatory schemes and receive varying levels of free speech protection. The difference in regulation may be ascribed to the law reacting to new technologies in a manner to fit the level of regulation to the developing technology.Revere describes three judicial approaches which may be used in determining what level of free speech is afforded, incremental approach, revisionist and traditionalism. The incremental approach reflects current reality where different standards are applied to different media even though the speech content may be identical. This approach provides full free speech protection only to the printed media.A disadvantage is the lack of a framework that can be applied to new technologies, like Cyberspace. The revisionist approach is based on balancing private and public interest to maximize the good for all. Like the incremental approach, changes in technology outpace the regulators and a void develops whenever a new communication medium emerges. To fill the void regulators tend to attempt using regulations designed for other communication forms that may not work well.The traditional approach ignores the medium through which communication is transmitted and analyzes the content of the message to test if it warrants free speech protection. Laurence Tribe has referred the constitu tion’s core values [Lawrence H. Tribe, The Constitution in Cyberspace, prepared remarks, Keynote address at the First Conference on Computers Privacy, (1991)]. The core values would be universal beliefs and ideals that would not change with new technologies.Tribe put forth five principles that applied to Cyberspace issues. They would maintain the First Amendment’s vitality and ability to guarantee free speech. First the constitution limits what government may do but advances in technology do not expand what government may do. Secondly private property is private and the government can not make private property public subject to the fifth amendment. The third principle is that government may not control the content of speech/information. Tribe submits that writing of computer viruses (information content which is speech) would be constitutionally protected. But the use of viruses to the harm of others can be prosecuted like yelling fire in a theater where no fire exist s. The fourth principle is that right and wrong do not change with technology. And the final principle is that Constitution’s meaning should not vary as technology changes. The Constitution’s principles must be interpreted in a dynamic way. One example provided was how the court in Olmstead held that wiretapping was not a search invading a person’s right to privacy in the same way a physical search of a house would be [Olmstead v. US, 389 US 351 (1967)]. In Katz, the Supreme Court repudiated the earlier decision finding that the fourth amendment protected people not places and that wiretapping was an invasion of a person’s privacy [Katz v. US, 389 US 351 (1967)].The traditionalist or core value approach provides a stable framework for determining whether there is a compelling governmental interest sufficient to warrant a restriction on free speech and if the regulation is narrowly tailored. Regardless of the medium of speech identical content would receiv e the same level of protection. The traditionalist approach also provides a framework to apply to emerging technologies like Cyberspace and technologies unknown at present [Robert Corn-Revere, New Technology and the First Amendment: Breaking the Cycle of Repression, 17 Hastings].Existing free speech protection devices that regulate to a varying degree based on the medium of communication rather than the content transmitted do not provide a suitable framework to protect speech in Cyberspace. A core-value approach to speech protection provides equal protection to identical speech content regardless of the medium through which the information is transmitted. A core-value approach therefore provides a stable framework for addressing free speech issues in Cyberspace and technologies yet to develop.In the words of the late Professor Meiklejohn, who has articulated a view of the first amendment which assumes its justification to be political self-government, has wisely pointed out that, â €Å"what is essential is not that everyone shall speak, but that everything worth saying shall be said†-that the point of ultimate interest is not the words of the speaker but the minds of the hearers [A. Meiklejohn, Political Freedom: The Constitutional Powers of the People 25-28]. Can everything worth saying be effectively said? Constitutional opinions that are particularly solicitous of the interest of mass media-radio, television, and mass circulated newspaper-devote little thought to securing the difficulties of access to those media The overwhelming public use of the Internet has forced a major focus on the public’s access to a mass medium. The Internet’s purpose of creating an opportunity for expression has been as important as ensuring the right to express ideas without fear of governmental reprisal.

Social Media the End of Privacy free essay sample

However, these social networking ventures and their resulting technologies, some would argue, have marked the end of privacy not only for their rent users, but for future generations as well. Before we decide whether social media have Irrevocably eroded privacy, It Is Important to define what privacy Is, and also to describe how social media works. Merriam-Webster defines privacy as freedom from unauthorized Intrusion, or the quality or state of being apart from company or observation (Merriam-Webster). Social media companies such as Backbone, Twitter and Google* allow groups of people to connect with each other for free, and they fund this connectivity by selling their users information to marketing companies. Traditional business models have led us to believe that if we use a product then we must be the clients. This does not apply to social media. With social media, we are the product to be sold to the paying clients of the marketing companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media the End of Privacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Loading Lyle 2 2 Since social media by definition seeks to connect you with your friends at all costs. So much so in fact, that it attacks that luxury to be apart from the observation of others, I. E. , privacy, we might imagine a scenario where two friends and I hang out together at a bar and then go home. Two of my friends have Backbone and I dont because I do not like the idea of having my arsenal life displayed on the Internet. Photos are taken for fun. However, as I pose for the photos with my friends, I do not realize that my friends will post these pictures on social media for everyone to see.My friends can tag me by my real name in these photos and what I thought was a private night out with my friends, turns out to be a public event, which people can see and comment on. In the past, things were simpler and networking like this was not born yet. If the friends and I were to take photos, they would sit in a drawer or in an album and only people who had physical access to that album could see those photos. Presumably those people were not shown to complete strangers or potential employers.Those photos were private, but they are not private anymore. Whether you are currently an employee or seeking a lob, companies now have the option to Invade your privacy through poaching on your social network websites. They can check all your photos to Judge your reputation and decide without even your knowledge whether you might damage the companys Image, In fact, Backbone even collects data on users who are not on Backbone and hen markets their Information to potential advertisers.Perhaps even more disturbingly, even If I chose to deactivate my account, my photos, messages and memories are stored and used by Backbone for an indefinite period. This concept of indefinite ownership of my past attacks the heart of my privacy: Freedom from unauthorized intrusion. Loading