Lattice Energy in Chemistry

ΔH (enthalpy change) for the process in which oppositely charged ions in the gas phase combine to form an ionic lattice in the solid ​phase.

The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey Reiman

The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey Reiman Jeffrey Reiman, author of The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, first published his book in 1979; it is now in its sixth edition, and he has continued to revise it as he keeps up on criminal justice statistics and other trends in the system. Reiman originally wrote his book after teaching for seven years at the School of Justice (formerly the Center for the Administration of Justice), which is a multidisciplinary, criminal justice education program at American University in Washington, D.C. He drew heavily from what he had learned from his colleagues at that university. Reiman is the William Fraser McDowell Professor of Philosophy at American University, where he has†¦show more content†¦The system that emerges is what we have today. In the chapter, Crime Control in America, Reiman suggests that the system has been designed to fail. Imprisoning drug offenders, for instance, does nothing to reduce the number of drug offenders in society because they are immediately replaced. The decline in violent crime is more attributable to demographic changes than to enforcement efforts. Most of the decline in crime results from forces beyond the control of the criminal justice systems. Reiman also feels that we could reduce crime if we wanted to do so, and that our excuses are not really answers to the problem, but merely excuses to explain why the system fails. We know the causes of crimeÂâ€"poverty, prison, and drugsÂâ€"yet we do nothing to change how these things operate, such as banning guns and decriminalizing drugs. In the chapter, A Crime by Any Other Name . . . , Reiman considers how language is used to identify some actions, and he argues that such things as workplace-related deaths that could be prevented should be considered crimes, as well. As far as the criminal justice system is concerned, the face of crime is young, male, poor, and black. Reiman believes that the criminal justice system helps create this reality, projecting a particular image of crime and hiding the larger reality of social injustice and even white-collar crime. They identify crime as a direct, personal assault and ignore manyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey H Reiman1506 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The book The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey H. Reiman provides a very interesting account of how the rich are being treated by the criminal justice system in a more favorable than the poorer and nonviolent criminals who are generally mistreated. Reiman started his book by stating that the recently noted decline in crime rate is skewed. This is clear in the 12th page of his book when he stated that After more than 20 years of telling us that crime was growing outRead MoreThe Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison Essay example1238 Words   |  5 PagesJeffrey Reiman, author of The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, first published his book in 1979; it is now in its sixth edition, and he has continued to revise it as he keeps up on criminal justice statistics and other trends in the system. Reiman originally wrote his book after teaching for seven years at the School of Justice (formerly the Center for the Administration of Justice), which is a multidiscipl inary, criminal justice education program at American University in Washington, DRead MoreJeffrey Reiman, He Is The Author Of The Book The Richer930 Words   |  4 PagesJeffrey Reiman, he is the author of the book the richer get s rich and the poor get prison. He has also written many of the good book, some of his works are critical moral liberalism. The main reason of the book can be identified by its title itself, and this is due to our recent economy system. This book is about the criminal justice system, and the main idea of the book is about the failure in the criminal justice system. Also this book tells how bias is accompanied with a general refusal to remedyRead More Radical Criminology Essay2456 Words   |  10 PagesCriminal law involves prosecution by the state of a person for an act that has been classified as a crime (Criminal law, 2010). But who gets to decide what acts are criminal? It should be no surprise that the individuals with the most power do. For radical c riminologists, the problem arises in capitalist societies because it is in these societies where the means of production are owned privately by a small number of people. Based on the writings of Karl Marx, radical criminologists argue that theRead MoreWhite Collar Street Crime Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthey not turned to crime. There is no way to determine this cost because there is no way to know what the criminals would have produced. Jeffrey Reiman (1998), in â€Å"The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology, Class and Criminal Justice†, opined that white-collar crime is much more costly to society than street crime. According to Mr. Reiman, some of the greatest misery and suffering perpetrated on people isn’t even called crime. People are programmed to think of certain acts as crimeRead MoreCrime is a Social Construct.1751 Words   |  8 PagesDeprivation, the more likely they are to commit deviant acts. (Cookson and Persill 1985) Furthermore, the elite have more legitimate opportunities than the poor worker to commit crime i.e. A banker will have better opportunities to defraud customers for instance, and because of his status, the crime is less likely to be detected, whereas the poor worker would probably have to resort to robbing the bank, a much more visible crime. Furthermore, the powerful are subjected to weaker social control. TheyRead MoreAn Essay About My Life1722 Words   |  7 Pagesthe works, and what I’ll never pick up again. Maybe you’ll find a new favorite book on this list. You never know. Finishes for school: The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey Reiman and Paul Leighton – A textbook-type read, very well-cited and well-researched. This is a good read if you’re interested in learning more about the American Prison system and some of the ways that poverty leads to jail. I especially enjoyed reading historical examples of events in this country where peopleRead MoreEssay on The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison12486 Words   |  50 PagesThe Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison JEFFREY H. REIMAN American University or the same criminal behavior, the poor are more likely to be arrested; if arrested, they are more likely to be charged; if charged, more likely to be convicted; if convicted, more likely to be sentenced to prison; and if sentenced, more likely to be given longer prison terms than members of the middle and upper classes.1 In other words, the image of the criminal population one sees in our nation’s jails and prisonsRead MoreSpeech on Capital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished2506 Words   |  11 PagesAngela Y. Davis Are Prisons Obsolete? New York: Open Media, 2003. Kevin Davis Defending the Damned: Inside Chicagos Cook County Public Defenders Office. New York: Atria, 2007. Rolando V. del Carmen and Chad R. Trulson Juvenile Justice: The System, Process and Law. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2005. Jack L. Goldsmith The Terror Presidency: Law and Judgment Inside the Bush Administration. New York: Norton, 2007. Tara Herivel and Paul Wright Prison Nation: The Warehousing of Americas Poor. New York: Routledge

Village volvo Free Essays

Specific Questions and Answers: Q#l) Describe Village Vole’s Service Package The service package consists of five features experienced by the customer based on his/her perception of the service: 1 . Supporting Facility: [Consists of physical sources that must be in place before a service can be offered] In our case study, Village Volvo occupies a new Bullet building with four bays in addition to an office, waiting area, and storage room. Village Volvo provides customers with waiting room that contains a TV set, comfortable chairs, coffee, a soft drink access to ensure variant and peripheral services. We will write a custom essay sample on Village volvo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Village Volvo is aware of the fact that customers do Judge their car repair services thru the perception of the entire shop, its outlay, colors, etc. 2. Facilitating Goods: [Basically the materials used during car repair service] In our ease study, Village Volvo uses specialized car repair tools and comprehensive inventory of select auto parts. 3. Information: [Efficient between customer and service manager, in order to provide good experience for customer and customized service] In the case of Village Volvo, customer is the primary source of information about any possible repairs needed and occasionally the mechanic takes the car for a test drive to ensure there aren’t any other issues with the vehicle. Another differentiating and unique source of information for Village Volvo is the Custom Care Vehicle Dossier, which serves as a great informational tool for both clients and repair. C.V. keeps of the records of repair provided, remainders about upcoming repairs, as well as future predictions of problems. Village Volvo ensures service guarantee and uses the C.V. as a source of information to provide smooth demand and generate its revenues. 4. Explicit services: [All the observable benefits by the clients, and consist of essential features of repair service] Village Volvo consists of routine services, which include tune-ups/oil changes during scheduled appointments. In edition, Village Volvo provides customized services upon client’s demand and approval. . Implicit services: [All the psychological benefits that may be sensed by a client, as well as the extrinsic features of the service] Village Volvo emphasizes on care during the entire repair service. Cars are kept clean and the inside is vacuumed as a service courtesy before pickup. Q#2) How are the distinctive characteristics of a service firm illustrated by Village Volvo? There are six distinctive chara cteristics of services: Customer Participation in the Service Process, Simultaneity, Permissibility, Intangibility, Heterogeneity, Nontransferable Ownership Characteristics of Services. 1 . Customer Participation: [Many services require the customer to be physically close to the service and, sometimes, co-produce the service] The mechanic who will be working on the vehicle and the client discuss the problems the client has noticed, then take a short test drive together, in order to make sure that they both understand the problems and what is going to happen during the service. [Information; Customer Participation]. Customer can participate more in service process: Although the customer may speak tit the mechanic during the repair process, the service manager is the main point of contact [Customer participation in the case of those customers who wait at the premises while the service is being rendered]. 2. Simultaneity: [Services are created and consumed simultaneously and cannot be stored] Customer can also choose to wait and speak with the mechanic during the repair process. It is the service manager’s responsibility to notify the customer when the vehicle is ready for pickup. 3. Permissibility: [Basically means that service is a perishable commodity. It cannot be torte or kept as a physical inventory] On the basis of their 22 combined years of training and experience with the local Volvo dealer, they have earned a respected reputation and a following of satisfied customers, which makes an independent service operation feasible. [Services are stored in systems, buildings, machines, knowledge, and people even though services in general cannot be inventoried and they are often perishable]. In addition, Village Volvo encourages clients to schedule appointments for the diagnosis and repairs of specific problems [Attempt to smooth Demand]. 4. Intangibility: [We are not able to actually touch the services, unlike tangible goods that we can wear, smell, touch. Hence, services are often being ideas, concepts, or performances] Village Volvo represents an effort by two former authorized Volvo dealer mechanics to provide quality repair service; on out-of- warranty Volvo at reasonable cost. On the basis of their 22 combined years of reputation. Village Volvo provide tangible service in property, that customer can really see the result after the car-care service. 5. Heterogeneity: [Village Volvo provides never services to various customers. The combination of intangible nature of the services and the customer as a participant in the service delivery system results in variation of service from customer to customer] Village Volvo provides customized service to the clients, all the car-care service are based on the problems and orders of customers, so the out-put to each customers are different. An example of heterogeneity is that Village Volvo maintains a continuing file on each vehicle it services. Another example from the text: these notes are brought to the customer’s attention at pick-up time and also are recorded in the C.V. for future use, perhaps in the form of a reminder postcard to the owner. Nontransferable Ownership: Village Volvo provides quality repair service base on their combined years of training and experience, those skill and experience won’t transfer to customer during the service. Q#3) Characterize Village Volvo in regard to the nature of the service act; the relationship with customers; customization and Judgment; the nature of demand and supply; and the method of service delivery. The nature of the service act: It involves â€Å"Tangible† Act and the recipient of the service is â€Å"Property’. The relationship with customers: They create a very good relationship with the customers. The mechanic and manager directly discuss with the client about the problems. They also provide other services except maintenance, such as a mini course for their client. Customization and Judgment: The owners provide a custom car-care service. They have made a specific time each week when clients may drive in for quick, routine services such as tune-ups and oil changes. In addition, they make the Custom Care Vehicle Dossier, a continuing file that records the history of each vehicle it services. The client will discuss the problems with the mechanic. The nature of demand and supply: They have set aside specific times each week when clients may drive in for quick, routine services such as tune-ups and oil changes [Convenience; Peripheral Services], but they encourage clients to schedule appointments for the diagnosis and repairs of specific problems [Attempt to smooth Demand]. The method of service delivery: Q#4) How could Village Volvo manage its back office like a factory? With regards to managing back office like a factory, Village Volvo can install windows in the waiting rooms, to enhance customer’s trust and liability in the service provided. Repair operations involves a very low contact with the customer (except those wait for the service is being rendered), thus Village Volvo set the front office scheduling for the purpose of discussing the repairs details with its clients. Therefore, Village Volvo can decouple part of the delivery process from the customer of the back office, so that it can Just focus on the repair process and become more efficient like a factory. Q#5) How could Village Volvo differentiate itself from Volvo dealers? Village Volvo has already a very efficient differentiation strategy that involves the following: a. Shuttle service b. The waiting room c. â€Å"drop-in† time d. Small worn-out parts that have been replaced are put in a clean box inside the car. E. More cumbersome replaced parts are identified and set aside for the client’s inspection. Care is taken throughout the repair process to keep the car clean, and the inside is vacuumed as a courtesy before pickup f. The owners have developed a outwork of other service providers who assist in recycling used parts and waste products and to whom they can refer clients for work that is not part of Village Vole’s services (e. G. , body work, alignments, and reupholstering). With regards to further differentiability from other Volvo dealers, Village Volvo can focus more on enhancing clients to select their services by for example providing discounts, loaner cars, drop off/pick up cars at clients home. But more efficiently, Village Volvo can focus more on the Open-System View of Service Operations, which would improve its competitiveness in the market. How to cite Village volvo, Papers

A compare and contrast essay on blues and gospel music Example For Students

A compare and contrast essay on blues and gospel music Have you ever gone out on Saturday night to hear someone sing the blues? Have you ever gone to a Baptist church the next morning and heard a Joyful gospel song? You may think the two musical expressions have nothing in common, but if you listen closely and study their histories, you will find some surprising similarities. When you first hear gospel music and the blues, you cant help noticing how different they are in mood and in the stories they tell. Blues songs are sad, full of heartbreak and disappointment. They talk about everyday problems like losing a Job or a relined, like having no money or no friends. Gospel songs, on the other hand, are the happiest songs youll ever hear, full of Joy and hope. Unlike the blues, gospel songs tell about the power of faith in tunes so catchy, they make you want to get up and dance. Both kinds of music, however, have African roots and similar African musical forms. For example, blues is known fir its blue or bent notes notes that exist somewhere in between the formal notes and the do-re-me scale. Gospel music also has bent notes. The other characteristic of African music they both have is the congregation answers. In the same way, a blues singer intones a line, and an instrument echoes or answers him or her. Both, blues and gospel music help create what we know as rock music today. In the sasss black musicians in the South and northern cities like Chicago, where black Americans had migrated in large numbers, started playing a new type of blues that was faster and a heavier beat. The style was rhythm and blues. Later, black artists like Ray Charles and James Brown added gospel harmonies and piano riffs to the rhythm-and-blues mix. This new sound found a wider and wider audience and came o be called rock and roll. So you see, even though gospel and blues songs have different moods and tell different kinds of stories, their roots and musical characteristics are very similar. Both have had a big a big influence on todays pop music. They are like two different sides of the same coin.